Joule to Electron Volt Conversion Example Problem

Joules (J) and electron volts (eV) are two common units of energy. This example problem demonstrates how to convert joules to electron volts.When working with energy values typical for the atomic scale, the joule is too large of a unit to be effective. The electron volt is a unit of energy suited to energies involved in atomic studies. The electron volt is defined as the total amount of kinetic energy gained by an unbound electron as it is accelerated through a potential difference of one volt.The conversion factor is 1 electron volt (eV) 1.602 x 10-19 JProblem:The ionization energy of a hydrogen atom is 2.195 x 10-18 J. What is this energy in electron volts?Solution:x eV 2.195 x 10-18 J x 1 ev/1.602 x 10-19 J x eV 13.7 eV Answer:The ionization energy of a hydrogen atom is 13.7 eV.

Revenge in Hamlet - 1070 Words

Amongst the most tragic story lines of Shakespeare’s plays, Hamlet is definitely one of them. In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, Fortinbras, Hamlet and Laertes each demonstrate the ways revenge leads to tragedy when they are unable to cope with the loss of a loved one. Young Fortinbras has intentions of honoring his father’s loss by gaining the territory that was rightfully theirs. The lengths he is willing to go compare to Hamlet’s determination to seek revenge upon his uncle, and father’s murderer, Claudius. Hamlet’s hopes of wanting to destroy Claudius the way he had done to King Hamlet are delayed several times throughout the play, making it nearly impossible to follow through with his plan. One of Hamlet’s setbacks is being shipped†¦show more content†¦Hamlet believes that Fortinbras does not have good intentions for why he is leading an army against Poland but he concludes that reasons are unimportant. Young Fortinbra s demonstrates a great leader by acting for any reason he finds necessary to preserve honor of his father’s death and in the end, achieves great success and becomes the King of Denmark. Claudius, the brother of the late King Hamlet, uses his manipulative language to influence the decisions of others. Claudius’ imperative decision to marry the wife of his dead brother, Gertrude, demonstrates the extreme lengths he is willing to go to gain all the power. Hamlet had been haunted by the ghost of his father and had been given reasons to believe that Claudius is responsible for his death. Hamlet hopes to seek revenge on Claudius for the corruption in Denmark he has caused but finds trouble doing so. Hamlet always seems to delay in the action of killing Claudius to avenge his father and becomes obsessed with trying to prove his uncle’s guilt before acting upon it.â€Å"Now might I do it pat/now he is praying/And now Ill dot/ And so he goes to heaven/And so am I revenged/That would be scannd:/A villain kills my father/ and for that I/ his sole son,/do this same villain send/ o heaven.† (3.3.1) This quotation demonstrates aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Reven ge in Hamlet912 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage. Shakespeare wrote hundreds of pieces, from sonnets to plays. Hamlet is one of his most well-known plays. There isn’t any shortage of revenge in Hamlet, and so that is the theme we’ll be discussing. Hamlet and Laertes are the most obvious character with revenge in their minds, and that’s who we’ll be focusing on throughout the essay. Two months before the beginning of the play, the King Hamlet dies. The King shows himself to two guards, Barnardo and Francisco, atRead MoreTheme Of Revenge In Hamlet1763 Words   |  8 PagesRevenge is one of the deepest instincts common to humanity. Different people emit different purposes of revenge and are most likely filled with an internal confliction of emotions. Once that individual gets his/her revenge, a feeling of justice is established in the mind. Unfortunately, many people blindly take revenge without thinking of their actions or the consequences and believe that they will be able to move on after they take revenge. Revenge is ultimately placed in the hands of the impatientRead MoreRevenge Themes in Hamlet1077 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play ‘Hamlet written by William Shakespeare in Elizabethan times, the theme of revenge is a constant throughout the plot. Not only does it underlie almost every scene, but it also has a major effect on the story as a whole. Two of the main revenge plots within the play are Hamlets aim to avenge his father by killing his uncle, the king Claudius, and Laertes aim to avenge the murder of his father by killing Hamlet. These two revenge plots play a major role in presenting to the audience theRead MoreRevenge In Hamlet Essay1900 Words   |  8 PagesHamlet is visited by his father’s ghost who ultimately gives him the task of enacting revenge upon Claudius, but because of his suppressed resentment he clashes with the idea of achieving retribution for his father. In addition â€Å"Sigmund Freud, in a letter to Wilhelm Fliess, announced that he had found in his own development all the symptoms of the Oedipus complex and that he was coming to consider â€Å"love of the mother and jealousy of the father† (Faber pg. 79). Hamlets impulsive actions seem to beRead MoreTheme Of Revenge In Hamlet792 Words   |  4 PagesRevenge is something most people seek when they are hurt by someone or a loved one of theirs is hurt. Revenge can be a physical or verbal action toward someone. In William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the play has a major theme of revenge. Many of the characters in the play are seeking revenge, such as Hamlet, Claudius, and Laertes. Some of the characters are seeking revenge due to their father’s deaths, and others are encouraging someone to seek revenge. The theme revenge can lead to death is seenRead More Revenge In Hamlet Essay1109 Words   |  5 Pages Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamlet is a classic example of a tragedy as Hamlet suffers while trying to avenge his fathers death and eventually dies at the end while attempting to do so. Hamlet feels empty without resolution to his fatheramp;#8217;s death and since there is no justice system that is going to reveal the truth about his fatheramp;#8217;s death, he must take it into his own hands. Hamlet delays killing Claudius for a long time after the ghost appears. Hamlet delays hisRead MoreRevenge And Justice In Hamlet968 Words   |  4 Pagessaid, â€Å"Revenge is the act of passion, vengeance is an act of justice.† Many people seek revenge and try to disguise it as justice. Revenge can either be justifiable or unjustifiable based on the circumstances of the offense. Someone’s vengeance can be the establishment of justice, but revenge is not always justice. Revenge is defined as the action of inflicting hurt or harm on someone for an injury or wrong suffered at their han ds (Webster Dictionary). Justice is based on actions while revenge is basedRead MoreRevenge in Hamlet Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesIn his play Hamlet, William Shakespeare frequently utilizes the word â€Å"revenge† and images associated with this word in order to illustrate the idea that the pursuit of revenge has caused the downfall of many people. He builds up the idea that revenge causes people to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. In Hamlet, Fortinbras, Laertes and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. Hamlet and Laertes manage to avenge their father’s deaths and in doing so, both rely more on theirRead MoreEssay On Revenge In Hamlet723 Words   |  3 Pages Hamlet essay â€Å"An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth† is a widely known statement referring to revenge, though many don’t know the origins of the saying. The thing is, however, is it truly that simple? Or does revenge cause more problems than it solves? In the case of the play Hamlet, written by Shakespeare in the sixteenth century, it could be argued that it changes the way that people would look at revenge and put a spotlight on its complexities. In Hamlets quest for revenge for his father’sRead MoreRevenge And Betrayal In Hamlet1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe play, Hamlet by William Shakespeare, surrounds the central idea of revenge and betrayal. Revenge drives the characters and determines their actions throughout the play, which results in several instances of betrayal. With revenge, the friendship and loyalty of characters are tested and conflicts are established between characters. Hamlet’s father, the king of Denmark, was helplessly poisoned by his own brother, Claudius. Hamlet, the protagonist, becomes aware of his father’s death and finds himself

Legalization of Drugs Free Essays

SURE WANT TO LEGALIZE DRUGS? In the century of freedom that we are living in, we have started to face this new world’s new problems and new situations such as legalization of drugs. Many people are having dilemmas about drug legalization coming between ethical values and right of freedom. However, surely forbidding something for people’s and communities’ own benefits doesn’t go along with our perception of democracy and freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now What freedom means is being able to do whatever individuals want without disturbing others’ rights and freedoms. Then we should mainly focus on the â€Å"†¦without disturbing others’ rights and freedoms. † part . Therefore , even if we are not the one’s that are capable of legislating , governments should care about our voices and be careful about this subject; because of legalizing drugs and giving people the right individually use of drugs regarding public’s rights and freedom will cause lots of consequences and problems. Therefore , in this precise situation , drugs should not be legalized in Turkey. Legalization of drugs will bring some problems with itself. First of all, legalization of drugs will increase drug usage and the number of drug addicts as it will be stabled in our daily lives with power of laws. Therefore drug usage will seem normal as everyone will have right to use it, and people will find enough confidence to try it even tough they don’t really want to use it , but fur to curiosity. If we look into our past legalization experiences such as legalization of alcohol or smoking , we can easily see the correlation between the number of addicts and legalization of additional materials. Secondly, increase in drug usage will increase the crime rate related to drugs. We are going to be able to the violence movie scenes in our streets as underground drug wars will spread to aboveground, the increase in drug addicts will increase the number of people in need of drugs, and it will occur the easiest way of drug afford: violence. As Magnnins (n. d. ) stated in his article although drug legalization will reduce the cost of drugs it will feed the habit. Therefore, the crimes with related to drugs will increase. (pg. 3-4). Lastly , drug legalization will damage the social relations among in public. The drug users are mostly psychologically unhealthy people as they do not care about anything but drugs , and due to their lack of logical thinking. The careless attitude that drug addicts exhibit in their social lives could be managed for a time by their relatives, but how long this relatives can stand this as more and more people become addicts? Specifically, Turkish traditional and religious norms do not fit to legalization of drug usage and this will lead us to having social problems. In such a country like Turkey that has population is formed by more than %95 Muslim people , it is hard to expect everyone to obey a law which is strictly forbidden in their holly book. The ones who are for legalization of drugs mostly have same supporting ideas that they see enough evidence for drug legalization. Firstly, as legalization will make drug usage legal and provide some laws, it will put drug usage under government control. They assume that government control will help drug users as governments will be able to keep track of drug usage, put quotes and even can generate income by putting taxes. However, they miss some really important points like government control will not only be unable to stop drug usage also creates some responsibilities for Turkish government. If we look into the alcohol and smoke usage in Turkey , we can easily see that governments can not control drug usage by quotes and taxes. In addition, government control issue will bring problems for the Turkish government such as building rehabilitation centers for addicts and governmental care and responsibility for drug usage as Gargaro(1996) stated in her article â€Å"notice all the regulation and laws surrounding cigarettes? Legal drugs means MORE LAWS , MORE REGULATION AND MORE GOVERNMENT, higher taxes and higher insurance rates. †(pg:3). The second point that drug legalization fans cry is â€Å"Drug usage is an individual choice† which actually means to do whatever individual likes ,which is a right given by freedom , and drugs should be legalized as alcohol and smoke usage in Turkey. We understand this also from Block’s(2000) words which mainly points that not legalizing drugs means controlling individuals opinions and rights(pg:4-5). Yet, regard that it is a social issue more than individuality problem. As drug users physiologic situations don’t let them think critically, it will lead us to have more troubles in the community. As Maginnis(n. d. ) claims drug usage is not a personal issue as drug users’ families and society also endures the consequences like the baby on its drug user mother’s stomach(pg:10). To sum up, drug legalization is a sensitive situation, and the ones that stand for drug legalization should think critically, take into account the consequences of it such as effects of increasing number of addicts on ociety like increasing crime rate, possible damages on social relationships before they yelling â€Å"legalization will put it under government control† and â€Å"drug usage is an individual choice†. They should mainly not regard the meaning of freedom: being able to whatever individuals would like to do WITHOUT DUSTURBING OTHERS’ RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS. REFENANCES: * Block , W. (2000) . Legalize Drugs Now. American Journal of Economics and Sociology * Gargaro , C. C. (1996). Drugs * Maginnis , R. L. (n. d. ). Legalization of drugs: The Myths and the Facts How to cite Legalization of Drugs, Essay examples

Legalization of Drugs Free Essays

SURE WANT TO LEGALIZE DRUGS? In the century of freedom that we are living in, we have started to face this new world’s new problems and new situations such as legalization of drugs. Many people are having dilemmas about drug legalization coming between ethical values and right of freedom. However, surely forbidding something for people’s and communities’ own benefits doesn’t go along with our perception of democracy and freedom. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalization of Drugs or any similar topic only for you Order Now What freedom means is being able to do whatever individuals want without disturbing others’ rights and freedoms. Then we should mainly focus on the â€Å"†¦without disturbing others’ rights and freedoms. † part . Therefore , even if we are not the one’s that are capable of legislating , governments should care about our voices and be careful about this subject; because of legalizing drugs and giving people the right individually use of drugs regarding public’s rights and freedom will cause lots of consequences and problems. Therefore , in this precise situation , drugs should not be legalized in Turkey. Legalization of drugs will bring some problems with itself. First of all, legalization of drugs will increase drug usage and the number of drug addicts as it will be stabled in our daily lives with power of laws. Therefore drug usage will seem normal as everyone will have right to use it, and people will find enough confidence to try it even tough they don’t really want to use it , but fur to curiosity. If we look into our past legalization experiences such as legalization of alcohol or smoking , we can easily see the correlation between the number of addicts and legalization of additional materials. Secondly, increase in drug usage will increase the crime rate related to drugs. We are going to be able to the violence movie scenes in our streets as underground drug wars will spread to aboveground, the increase in drug addicts will increase the number of people in need of drugs, and it will occur the easiest way of drug afford: violence. As Magnnins (n. d. ) stated in his article although drug legalization will reduce the cost of drugs it will feed the habit. Therefore, the crimes with related to drugs will increase. (pg. 3-4). Lastly , drug legalization will damage the social relations among in public. The drug users are mostly psychologically unhealthy people as they do not care about anything but drugs , and due to their lack of logical thinking. The careless attitude that drug addicts exhibit in their social lives could be managed for a time by their relatives, but how long this relatives can stand this as more and more people become addicts? Specifically, Turkish traditional and religious norms do not fit to legalization of drug usage and this will lead us to having social problems. In such a country like Turkey that has population is formed by more than %95 Muslim people , it is hard to expect everyone to obey a law which is strictly forbidden in their holly book. The ones who are for legalization of drugs mostly have same supporting ideas that they see enough evidence for drug legalization. Firstly, as legalization will make drug usage legal and provide some laws, it will put drug usage under government control. They assume that government control will help drug users as governments will be able to keep track of drug usage, put quotes and even can generate income by putting taxes. However, they miss some really important points like government control will not only be unable to stop drug usage also creates some responsibilities for Turkish government. If we look into the alcohol and smoke usage in Turkey , we can easily see that governments can not control drug usage by quotes and taxes. In addition, government control issue will bring problems for the Turkish government such as building rehabilitation centers for addicts and governmental care and responsibility for drug usage as Gargaro(1996) stated in her article â€Å"notice all the regulation and laws surrounding cigarettes? Legal drugs means MORE LAWS , MORE REGULATION AND MORE GOVERNMENT, higher taxes and higher insurance rates. †(pg:3). The second point that drug legalization fans cry is â€Å"Drug usage is an individual choice† which actually means to do whatever individual likes ,which is a right given by freedom , and drugs should be legalized as alcohol and smoke usage in Turkey. We understand this also from Block’s(2000) words which mainly points that not legalizing drugs means controlling individuals opinions and rights(pg:4-5). Yet, regard that it is a social issue more than individuality problem. As drug users physiologic situations don’t let them think critically, it will lead us to have more troubles in the community. As Maginnis(n. d. ) claims drug usage is not a personal issue as drug users’ families and society also endures the consequences like the baby on its drug user mother’s stomach(pg:10). To sum up, drug legalization is a sensitive situation, and the ones that stand for drug legalization should think critically, take into account the consequences of it such as effects of increasing number of addicts on ociety like increasing crime rate, possible damages on social relationships before they yelling â€Å"legalization will put it under government control† and â€Å"drug usage is an individual choice†. They should mainly not regard the meaning of freedom: being able to whatever individuals would like to do WITHOUT DUSTURBING OTHERS’ RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS. REFENANCES: * Block , W. (2000) . Legalize Drugs Now. American Journal of Economics and Sociology * Gargaro , C. C. (1996). Drugs * Maginnis , R. L. (n. d. ). Legalization of drugs: The Myths and the Facts How to cite Legalization of Drugs, Essay examples

Untitled Essay Research Paper The Morality of free essay sample

Untitled Essay, Research Paper The Morality of Abortion On the inquiry of abortion being moral, the reply is clearly that ending a foetus # 8217 ; life under certain fortunes is non merely moral, but it is besides our duty to end it if the quality of life is in inquiry for the foetus. A 2nd major ground is that to declare abortion immoral would intend that we would hold to see the factor of how the construct came approximately. This can non and should non be done. Quality is a major factor in the inquiry of the morality of abortion. When parents decide to maintain or non maintain a babe the issue of acceptance does non play into this. The ground for this is that one time the babe is born that the parents may alter their head if they want to maintain it. Parents must make up ones mind at the oncoming of the gestation to make up ones mind if they can in good scruples conveying a kid into the universe, if the reply is yes, so people should continue with the gestation and so find whether they want to give the child up for acceptance. It is a parent # 8217 ; s moral duty to do certain that the environments which the kid will be brought into will be healthy and supportive. It is a far greater offense to handle a kid ill for 18 old ages so it is to end a foetus that can non believe, experience or is cognizant of its being. On the 2nd point of doing the manner that construct occurred a non-factor I am non stating that holding the babes of rapers or in instances of incest is O.K. . Still, for the statement that abortion is immoral, you must reason that the action is immoral, non the kid. The kid can non be either at this point. If we are so speaking about the act of abortion so who is to find right and incorrect. A tribunal of jurisprudence should have no topographic point in this determination. The primary involvements in this gestation should do the determination themselves. This would usually be the parents of the foetus. The action in the instance of colza is rebelliously immoral, but the foetus is non. To state that the abortion is moral because the gestation arose from a offense is to put a value opinion on a kid before it is born. A foetus is merely the merchandise of sperm and an egg, an inadvertent meeting that resulted in a gestation. If the foetus is non at mistake but can be terminated, why should a different set of criterions be in consequence because two immature people experimenting with sex made a error and the terminal consequence was the same as in the instance of colza. I offer you the account that the fortunes environing the gestation can be deemed moral or immoral, but the foetus and hence the abortion can non. The result was an inadvertent meeting of a sperm and an egg in both cases. The minute of construct does non piece a human the blink of an eye that the egg hits the sperm, it takes a full nine months. During this gestation period parts develop easy, non all at one time. Science has determined when the cut off is that a foetus can believe and experience etc # 8230 ; If it were impossible for us to cognize when a foetus could experience and believe than the obvious reply would be that it is immoral, but we can state and therefore it is non. I think that it is of import to retrieve that ethical motives can be established for a society in peculiar, such as abortion in immoral, but can non be changed by the context of how the gestation occurred. Either the expiration of life is moral or it isn # 8217 ; t. By this line of concluding you can follow me to the logical decision of this paragraph. If it is logical and ethical to end the life of a foetus because of a peculiar circumstance, so it is moral to make so under any circumstance. A believable expostulation to my chief place is that abortion is incorrect except in the instance of colza or incest. One good ground for this is that immature parents of a foetus that made a error and got pregnant made that initial determination to hold sex, while the colza or incest victims did non. A 2nd ground is that we as a society should non force a female parent to live over her offense every twenty-four hours for nine months and perchance longer if she maintain the babe. These two statements do non even come near to sabotaging my place. My primary job with the above statement is that the individual on that side is seting a value on human life. The fact that the gestation occurred illicitly makes that human being worth less than the 1 that was conceived by accident. The statement above hits a brick wall if you pursue it further. A individual can non come up with a justifiable ground why the foetus is deserving less as a human because of the nature of the construct. At which point the individual on the side of the statement must acknowledge that values are the same and that entire value is zero as a human being because it isn # 8217 ; t one yet. As to the 2nd ground, why should we remind a 17 twelvemonth old miss every twenty-four hours for nine months and perchance longer because in a minute of hastiness they forgot to utilize a rubber. An expostulation to my first statement about the quality of life could be argued that after the gestation is over the babe could be given up for acceptance. Along this line of concluding the quality of life does non play into the factor. This statement is filled with holes. When a individual is 18 old ages old and loses a leg in a auto accident the leg is gone, neer to be seen once more. The instance is much the same for a immature miss, she has carried this thing about for the better portion of a twelvemonth. A new female parents natural response to giving the foetus up would be the same if after the accident the physicians asked the victim if they wanted to maintain their leg. Of class the reply would be yes. Therefore holding an abortion take this job out of the equation and lets a female parent make an informed determination whether or non to hold a kid and whether or non to give it for acceptance. A 2nd job is the cost of a birth. What if there is no insurance, and there is no 1 to pay the huge cost of a infirmary stay. Why should the same immature miss travel into fiscal debt for something that she is non traveling to maintain, and she has no manner of cognizing if that babies life will be any better than what she could hold provided for. To reason this paper is a hard undertaking. I have tried to sketch why abortion is moral by steering the reader through a series of stairss sketching thought toward the foetus and we should see it. The manner that we should see it is as a exanimate thing until it can experience or believe, whichever comes foremost. This is non to that abortions should be common, inexpensive, or as easy to acquire as a physical is. Fortunes involved around the construct including the how and why should non be regarded. One abortion can non be moral while anither is non. I would think that I am taking an absolutists point of position on this topic. I besides tried to province that societal context must be taken into history, and that abortion is either one manner or the other, indepedent of fortunes environing how the gestation occured. I have besides tried to demo how quality of life must be added into the determination of whether or non to hold a kid. I will in conclusion near with the statement that while the work forces of the universe attempt to hash this contention out, it is of import to retrieve who physically has the kid. And that it is ultimatly the adult females determination whether or non to hold a kid. If abortion is declared immoral than it will eentually take to Torahs doing it illegal every bit good. When this happens we will see the pattern go underground and have a batch of deceases among adult females trying to hold this done in an dirty environment.

Managing a Retailers Finances

The merchandise budget The merchandise budget is a clear plan of the sales anticipated by a retailer over a given period in the future. The merchandise budget influences the amount of commodities to be purchased by the retailing company. It also highlights the possible reductions and markups that the company might have to embrace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The merchandising budget should be prepared after considering the anticipated sales, the stock on hand, and the required gross margins for the company to attain higher profits. The language of the budget should be clear, and the budget must be based on a specific timeline. For instance, most retail firms create a six-month merchandising budget. The variables contained in a merchandise budget include the planned sales, planned BOM and EOM inventories, and the retail reductions. The budg et must also contain the purchases at retail and cost, as well as the planned gross margins of the buyer. Retail accounting statements There are three retail accounting statements. These include the income statement, balance sheet, and the statement of cash flow. The income statement highlights the profit or loss made by the company over a given period. The balance sheet is a financial statement that highlights the company’s liabilities, assets, and shareholder’s equity at a given time. The assets must balance with the liabilities and the equity held by the shareholders. The cash flow statement breaks down the effects of different financial activities on the cash available for the retail company. Inventory valuation Inventory valuation entails calculating all the costs involved in the process of placing the items in the inventory in place. There are two methods of accounting inventory systems, and these include the cost method and the retail method. Inventory valuation also includes inventory pricing systems, which may follow the first-in-first-out (FIFO) procedure or the last-in-first-out (LIFO) strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Merchandise buying and handling Steps in Merchandise buying and handling The first step is identifying the most viable sources of supply. This involves identifying the best manufacturers. The second step involves contacting the suppliers. The third step entails conducting an evaluation of the prospective suppliers. This process results in the identification of the best supplier. The fourth step entails negotiations on prices and services associated with delivery. The last step is the purchasing process, which entails making payments and receiving the merchandise on the part of the retailer (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise planning Dollar merchandise planning influences the allocation of ca sh in the company because it determines the best way to balance the stock and sales. The plan highlights the desirable rate of spending for the company (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise control The retailer must control the dollar plan by limiting the commitments on merchandise that would exceed the dollar amount that the buyer can safely spend. Dollar-merchandise control ensures that the retailer sticks to the merchandise budget prepared at the beginning of a given period of business (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Inventory planning Inventory planning is a vital process in retailing because it involves the alignment of the quantity, timing, sales, and production capacity of the inventory. This process facilitates effective control of the profit margins of the company and the cash flow system (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Selection of merchandise source The selection of a merchandise source determines the cost of the inventory, and the profit margins for the retailer. It is important to select a merchandise source based on affordability and reliability of the source (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Retailers can acquire their merchandise from different manufacturers; hence, there must be a comprehensive system to manage the supply chain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vendor negotiations Vendor negotiations entail discussions on the price of the merchandise and delivery information between the retailer and the potential suppliers. This process facilitates a ground for bargaining between the involved suppliers and the retailer. Item creation and location Item creation involves the development of a unique tag on the items in the inventory that can be used to identify the items. Retailers must create items and feed the data to the inventory database for reference. The items should also indicate their specific l ocation in the stores for easy access during the process of taking the inventory. Replenishment and in-store handling If the retailer is selling perishable goods with short expiry dates, it is important to prevent the LIFO effect on the consumers by limiting the number of batches of the products displayed on the shelves. This ensures that the retailer achieves the FIFO strategy in selling and reduces losses caused by the expiration of products on the shelves. This process also helps in handling the storage constraints in the store (Broekmeulen Bakx, 2010). Merchandise-line reviews This process involves the evaluation of the identified opportunities and challenges associated with the merchandise in the past. It also involves the formulation of solutions to the problems associated with the merchandise by looking at the solution derived in the past (What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? 2015). Markdowns Markdowns are the levels of price reduction that the retaile r is forced to apply to the merchandise to respond to various constraints in the market. These constraints could be the availability of cheaper alternative products or bad assortment planning of the merchandise (Sayner, 2011). Retail Pricing Pricing objectives and policies Pricing objectives and policies influence the pricing of the products in a retail company. The pricing objective should be aligned with the strategic financial objectives of the retail company. The elasticity of consumer prices should be considered while setting the price objectives and policies (Varley, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Target return objective This is an investment tool that is used to determine the rate of financial returns that a retailer is looking to achieve from the merchandise. Profit Maximization Profit maximization is a technique used by retail companies to influence the attainment of the greatest profit on investments. It entails the manipulation of the prices of the products in the inventory to attain the highest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Skimming Skimming is a pricing strategy used by companies whereby they place the highest possible price for a commodity. As soon as the first client purchases the commodity at the set price, the company lowers the price to attract other customers (Varley, 2006). Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies are crucial in profit maximization because they determine the position of the products in a competitive retail industry. Companies must develop pricing strategies that foster the attainment of the greatest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Pricing below the market Pricing below the market is a strategy that entails offering products at prices that are below the standard market prices with the objective of enhancing the competitive power of the associated product. Pricing at market levels Pricing at market levels entails the development of a pricing strategy that matches set by other retailers in the industry. This pricing method is common for companies operating in a perfectly competitive market. Pricing above the market Pricing above the market entails developing a pricing strategy that places higher than normal prices of the products offered by a retailer. This technique is associated with the maximization of profits. Using Markups Markups are strategic tools used to raise the price of commodities when the demand increases. Markups entail adding specified rates for different commodities sold by a retailer. Markdown Management Markdown management entails the development of a control system to determine the minimum level of profit mar gins that the retail company is willing to obtain. Markdown management is essential in the development of pricing objective and policies because it entails the reduction of the prices of different products offered by a retailing company (Varley, 2006). Advertising and Promotion Advertising and promotion are indispensable factors in the management of retail operations. Advertising and promotion help retail companies to increase their market share by enhancing the awareness of the presence of their respective brands in the market (Belch Belch, 2011). Types of promotions Advertising Advertising in the retail industry is a viable strategy to communicate to potential clients and to create awareness of the existence of different products. Advertising helps companies to maintain and increase their market share. Advertising should be conducted in a persuasive manner to appeal to the target market (Belch Belch, 2011). Sales promotion Sales promotion is a strategy applied to increase the ra te of sales in a retail company. There are different methods of sales promotions, and their main aim is to entice consumers to increase the demand for a specific commodity (Belch Belch, 2011). Publicity Publicity involves the development of awareness of the existence of products. Publicity is a marketing strategy that increases the sales of specific products in a company, and it is widely used by retailers to introduce new products to the consumers. Personal selling Personal selling entails the use of a salesperson to sell products to potential customers. Personal selling is an effective strategy in marketing because it creates awareness of the existence of new products, and it also provides a platform for the retailer to persuade the target customers to purchase products. There are many strategies used in retail selling, but they follow specific steps. These steps include approaching the customer, determining the problem to solve for the customer, and presenting the merchandise to solve the problem. Making the sale and developing a relationship to open grounds for future sales are also important steps in the process (Belch Belch, 2011). Customer Service Customer service is a concept that encompasses all the services that a retailer provides to the customers in the retail store and other business platforms. Customer loyalty to companies is a function of the quality of services that the company offers. Customer services are normally provided to the consumers before they make a purchase, during the purchasing process and after the purchase is made. This provides a comprehensive coverage of services to keep the customer happy and satisfied. Customer care is a tool for adding value to the products offered by a retailer. Harnessing market share in a competitive market is difficult; hence, most retailers add value to their products by improving the quality of their customer services. This quality is facilitated by investing in training and development programs for the employees, and providing some extra free services to the customers. This may include free delivery of products (Belch Belch, 2011). Retail Selling Retail selling is the essence of doing business in the retail industry. It entails the development of a relationship with the customer and persuading the customer to assume a purchasing behavior that is beneficial to the company. Retail selling focuses on selling merchandise at the most profitable prices and quantity. Retail selling is associated with the sale of small quantities of merchandise to individual customers. The trick is to maintain a loyal market share that can help in the attainment of the objective of the company. Most retailers increase their selling rates by reducing the prices of their merchandise, and providing services that add value to the merchandise. The quality of the merchandise also plays a major role in retaining market share (Belch Belch, 2011). Store layout and design The layout and design of a retail st ore determine the number of sales and the type of products that consumers purchase. A good retailer must develop a store layout that facilitates the arrangement of products in different related categories. The layout should also aim at maximizing the available space. The merchandise should fit on the shelves available; hence space management is a crucial requirement. The design of the store determines the accessibility of the merchandise on display (Belch Belch, 2011). One of the best strategies used by retailers is the placement of enticing and new products near the entry of the store to attract customers. The design of the store should ensure that all the merchandise is clearly displayed. References Belch, G., Belch, M. (2011). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Broekmeulen, R. A. C. M., Bakx, C. H. M. (2010). In-store replenishment procedures for perishable inventory in a retail environment with handl ing costs and storage constraints. Web. Dunne, P., Lusch, R., Carver, J. (2013). Retailing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Sayner, R. (2011). Markups Markdowns. Web. Varley, R. (2006). Retail Product Management: Buying and Merchandising. London: Psychology Press. What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? (2015). Web. 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BMW Luxury Cars

BMW Luxury Cars The core customer value for BMW luxury cars are prestige and hi-tech performance in their endeavors. Having full understanding of the specific needs of their target group, BMW has largely considered the psychographic factors of its customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on BMW Luxury Cars specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it has been revealed, BMW targets active individuals who have achieved success at their early age, desiring prestigious and super-performing luxury cars like themselves. Notably, the customers of BMW are technology oriented and very active in their life-time, as they pursue success in their ventures. In this regard, the brand seeks to establish strong relationship with its customers by providing them with the driving experience they desire in their life-time. As it has been revealed, the luxury cars having the BMW brand name are in three series including MBW 3, MBW 5 and MBW 7. These three series of the MBW brand are the ultimate core aspects for maintenance of customer loyalty to the BMW luxury cars. More specifically, the MBW 3 series provides its users with extra-ordinary performance as it is made to facilitate self actualization among the customer target base. Precisely, BMW 3 series seeks to establish trust and loyalty with its customers by offering splendid personalized experiences with the product. After the users of BMW 3 advance into more experience with BMW luxury cars, they move further to acquire BMW 5, which is more expensive, but maintaining the outstanding performance of BMW luxury cars . On the other hand, BMW 7 series is meant for the already established customer base for BMW luxury cars as it propels higher the user-oriented experience with the BMW products through its advanced features to facilitate prestige and higher performance than 3 series. It is important to note that, 7 series is much more expensive that 3 series since it is mainly meant for compan y’s loyal customers who have had prior experience with the former series. Following the currently competitive global markets, the development of products to achieve competitive advantage forms a real of success among brands marketers. Since the customers’ needs of BMW products are based outstanding performance, more innovations of the existing products need to be done to come up with more superior luxury cars capable of competing with potential competitors like Mercedes Benz among others. More so, powerful advertisements based on psychographic factors of the customers’ needs to be made. For instance, creation of short films showing the uniqueness of BMW products on the context of other competitors may be quite appealing. Since visual advertisements are more accurate and highly effective, the films will be able to attract target customers’ attention largely. As a result, success and efficiency in marketing BMW products will be realized.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Further, a variety of channels in marketing the BMW luxury cars would be more appropriate to reach wider customers base. Since the target customers for BMW are always busy and very active, the use of precise and direct advertisements over the internet would be quite effective so that the customers don’t waste time interpreting information of the advertisement. It can also be recommended that, the product promotion uses the internet to collect information about the needs of their customers with respect to the specific aspects of the luxury cars which need to be improved. By having enough data about the accurate needs of the target customers, it would be easier for the company to modify the cars to intersect with the specific needs of the customers.